Sunday, March 20, 2005

Mary: Mother of God, Mother of the Church

Mary
There is so much that could be said when it comes to The Virgin Mary. The topic of the Mother of God is so deep that I could write a book on it, but since people already complain that I talk too much, I'll just focus on some of the more prominent ideas that are highlighted in The Passion of the Christ.

First Things First--Mary as the New Eve
When I was a Protestant, I thought that the Bible had very little to say about Mary, and that the Catholics had made a whole lot of stuff up. Since then, I've come to realise that Mary, like Jesus, is written about all throughout Scripture. I'll spare you an in-depth examination, but I do want to go back to the Garden of Eden in Genesis. After Adam and Eve eat the fruit, when God is "reading their sentence", He promises not only hardship and disaster as a result, but also Redemption. "I will put enmity between you and the woman, and your seed and her seed; he shall crush your head, and you shall bruise his heel" (Genesis 3:15). Ultimately, as we saw in the week on sin, Jesus fulfils this prophecy through His death and resurrection, and Gibson symbolically foreshadows this.
Serpent[Clip 1: 0:08:00-0:09:13]Crushed

But the prophecy talks not only about Jesus, but about "The Woman" whose seed (Jesus) would crush the serpent's head. Since Jesus is the seed of Mary, it is she who is prophesied about in Genesis. The early Church Fathers talk about this, referring to Mary as the "New Eve", just like St. Paul refers to Jesus as the "New Adam" (1 Corinthians 15:45). The Church Fathers contrast Eve's disobedience with Mary's complete obedience, referring to it as "Recapitulation", or, as St. Irenaeus says, "Thus, the knot of Eve's disobedience was loosed by the obedience of Mary. What the virgin Eve had bound in unbelief, the Virgin Mary loosed through faith." Mary's ultimate test of faith and obedience comes at Jesus' Passion. She was not merely a passive observer, as the rest were, but in a very real way, she offered Jesus up in obedience to the divine plan [Clip 2: 0:22:00-0:22:19]. Her active participation is a necessary element of the recapitulation of that original sin.
Fiat

Participation
This is the reason why Gibson depicts Mary as the opposite of Satan in the movie, because she too is an active participant.
[Clip 3: 1:14:18-1:14:45]Staredown It is this participation that Simeon prophesied at Jesus' Presentation in the Temple: "Behold, this child is destined for the fall and rise of many in Israel, and to be a sign that will be contradicted (and you yourself a sword will pierce) so that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed" (Luke 2:34b-35). This sword pierces Mary's Immaculate Heart as Jesus is crucified [Clip 4: 1:48:27-1:49:58].
'Flesh of my flesh...heart of my heart...'
Mary's heartfelt plea, "Let me die with you," is couched in the marital phrases of Adam in the book of Genesis: "And the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and He took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh in its place; and the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, He made into a woman, and brought her to the man. And Adam said, 'This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man.' Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave to his wife: and they shall be one flesh" (Genesis 2:21-24, italics mine).

While Mary's use of the phrase is not in the Gospel record, its use in the movie is meant to evoke the understanding of the Mary/Eve parallel, as well as emphasise the great bond that exists between Jesus and His Mother--God the Son took His human form from Mary's genetic material, her flesh! This bond is emphasised in other scenes throughout the movie: [Clip 5: 0:34:35-0:35:35]. Both to emphasise the connection between Jesus and Mary, and to illustrate the conflict between Satan and Mary, Gibson has several scenes where Mary's presence gives Jesus the strength to go on (whereas Satan always appears when Jesus is at His lowest), for example, after Jesus takes 32 strokes by the rods at the scourging, when Mary rushes in, He rises to His feet [Clip 6: 0:55:25-0:56:00]. A similar instance occurs when Jesus is stripped of His garments. But the most memorable example is when Mary runs to meet Jesus as He carries His cross [Clip 7: 1:17:00-1:19:00].
All Things New
All Things New
Jesus' statement in this scene, "See, Mother, I make all things new," is from the 21st chapter of John's Revelation. In this chapter, John sees a new heaven and a new earth, and the heavenly city, Jerusalem, descending "out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. And I heard a great voice out of heaven saying, 'Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and He will dwell with them, and they shall be His people, and God Himself shall be with them, and be their God.' And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away. And He that sat upon the throne said, 'Behold, I make all things new'" (vv. 2b-5a). This New Jerusalem is a symbol of the Church, which is the New Covenant in Jesus.

As I've stressed in the previous weeks, this New Covenant is what makes us sons and daughters of God the Father, younger siblings of Jesus the Son. And just to make this New Family complete, Jesus gives us a Mother, as well--His own Mother, Mary [Clip 8: 1:50:00-1:50:27].
Behold your son In the movie, immediately after Mary cries out to be able to die with Jesus, He gives her to John--or the "Disciple whom Jesus loved," as John refers to himself in his Gospel. While literally, Jesus was giving Mary into John's care now that Jesus wouldn't be around anymore, there is a spiritual meaning here, which the Church has always held to, and that is that Jesus wasn't just giving His Mother to John, but that John as the Beloved Disciple was representative of all Christians, who are each of us Jesus' beloved disciples!

This reality is described in John's Revelation, when he sees a vision of the Woman in chapter 12, who is about to give birth. The serpent (remember him?) is now a huge red dragon, waiting to devour the child, but miraculously the child is born, and John describes Him in Messianic terms, saying that He will rule with a rod of iron. Enraged by this, John says, "the dragon...went to make war with the rest of her offspring, who keep the commandments of God, and testify to Jesus Christ" (Revelation 12:17). Did you catch that? "The rest of her offspring." That's us, the Church, and the Book of Revelation calls us Mary's offspring. This is because, at the cross, Jesus laid it out to John that Mary would be his mother, and not just his, but the spiritual Mother of all "who keep the commandments of God, and testify to Jesus Christ!"

"Do Whatever He Tells You"
As Jesus' mother, as we've seen, Mary's heart is intimately connected to His. As our mother, we have the freedom to turn to her for intercession on our behalf. That means that she'll pray for us directly to Jesus--and think about it. Who possibly could have more pull with Him? The Bible says that the prayer of a righteous man is powerful and effective (James 5:16), and who possibly is more righteous than Mary herself, who is, as Gabriel called her as if it was actually her name, "Full of Grace"?

This is why after St. Peter denies Jesus three times, he flees the gaze of Jesus in his shame, and falls at the feet of Mary [Clip 9: 0:30:43-0:31:35]. Mary's intercession is not there to replace our going straight to Jesus, or to take away from our idea of His love for us. But many times in our lives, we feel too ashamed to talk to Jesus because of our sin, and the Devil loves to keep us feeling that shame, to keep us from Jesus. That is why we have a Mother to turn to, who will bring us to Jesus. This is ultimately how she fights Satan on our behalf, by bringing us to Jesus when we are too weak to bring ourselves.

When I was just becoming a Catholic, these ideas about Mary were the hardest for my Protestant mind to understand and believe. But a Catholic friend of mine pointed out to me that everything we believe about Mary is dependent on everything we know about Christ--and that if we honour Mary in a way that excluded or minimises Christ, that is idolatry. But, he told me, Catholic teaching on Mary honours Christ, just as Mary's own role is to honour Christ. He brought the point home for me when he told me to meditate on the story in John's Gospel about the wedding at Cana. One verse in particular stuck out to me, and summarised Mary's role in the Christian life. After she tells Jesus that the hosts are out of wine, she turns back to the servants and says to them, "Do whatever he tells you" (John 2:5).

This is Mary's unending encouragement to all her children. This is her reason for being, and the reason for her being the Mother of God. Mel Gibson captures this idea perfectly in the second last scene of the movie, often compared to Michelangelo's Pieta sculpture. But there is a difference between the Michelangelo and the Gibson. In the sculpture, Mary gazes on the body of her Son, whereas, in the movie, just like in life, Mary looks right at us, offering to us the Life that Jesus gave us through His death and resurrection [Clip 10: 1:55:36-1:57:10].
Pieta

Hail Mary, Full of Grace, the Lord is with you.
Blessed are you among women,
And blessed is the fruit of your womb, Jesus.

Holy Mary, Mother of God,
Pray for us sinners,
Now and at the hour of our deaths.
Amen.

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65 Comments:

Blogger Gregory said...

Mary was called the Mother of God in the early centuries of Christianity to argue against certain heresies (Nestorianism, I think) that taught that Mary gave birth to the Man, Jesus, but that later (Maybe at His baptism?) God filled Him with divinity and made Him divine. This heresy was fought by the Church and they came up with the formulation of "Hypostatic Union" for Jesus, meaning that He had both a divine nature and a human nature at His conception. To Mary, at this time, they gave her the title "Theotokos", which literally means "God-bearer", and what we refer to when we call Mary, "Mother of God." The title of Mother of God does not in any way mean that Mary somehow originated God or is greater than God, but that Jesus was God in the flesh, even in Mary's womb. Mother of God means simply that Mary gave birth to God the Son in human form--it is a title meant to preserve an important teaching about Jesus, not a term meant to exalt Mary. Everything we believe about Mary goes to teach something about Jesus, as I said, just as Mary's role in the Church is to teach us about Her Son.

When it comes to the Trinity, and the relationship between Father, Son and Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit is never called "Mother." In fact, the formulation of the Nicene Creed is that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son. The Holy Spirit is described in Catholic theology as the Perfect Love that exists between the community of Father and Son in the Trinity, which is such a perfect expression of the Love of God who is Love, that that Love is Itself a Person of the Holy Trinity, just like The Word of God is such a complete self-expression of God that the Word is Itself a person of the Trinity in the Son. While the Holy Spirit is our comforter and teacher, He is not Himself our "Mother". He is the living expression of the Love of God in our lives, and His role is crucial and important. But it is Mary who was given to John as his Mother at the Cross, and it is John who calls her the Mother of all those who testify to Jesus Christ. She is not, then, a part of the Trinity, or in any way divine. But as a part of God's amazing plan, He has given her this role as a member of His family. Or, to use St. Paul's analogy of the Body, if Jesus is the Head, and we are the body, Mary is the neck, because as the Mother and most perfect disciple, she represents the Church of which we are all a part.

I hope that makes sense.

2:19 p.m., March 22, 2005  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Well since you've been pestering me to reply, I'm finally going to! What you say makes sense and I personally think the concept of Mary and the Saints is pretty cool. I don't know how it would all fit into the faith I've grown in, but as I said before, if ever there's something we need to know, you can be sure that we will. I'm pretty sure that some people need comfort of the saints more than others, so I would by no means say that prayrers to Mary are a vital part of everyone's salvation. All the same I commend your teaching and encourage you to keep it coming. We really need more Catholics like you in our world:)

God Bless

10:39 a.m., April 05, 2005  
Blogger Gregory said...

Mary and all the saints aren't necessary for our salvation, in the sense that Jesus' death on the cross, and our faith response to that, is necessary. They fit into the economy of salvation in a number or beautiful but secondary ways, and their roles always proceed from and are dependent on Jesus' primary role in salvation.

On the one hand, as Hebrews 12:1 points out, they are a great crowd of witnesses, that, like a crowd in a stadium, watch us run our own races, cheering us on, and affering advice from their own lives. They are the heroes of the faith whose examples we follow as we strive to follow Christ's ultimate example (As St. Paul says, "Imitate me as I imitate Christ" 1 Cor 11:1).

The second way they play a part in our lives flows right out of the first, which is that they pray and intercede for us, just as you would pray for me and I would pray for you. Their passing from this life to the next doesn't cut us off from them, but just as the Church has always taught "I believe in...the Communion of Saints" (The Apostles' Creed). Revelation describes the martyrs praying that God's justice would reign on earth, and describes the angels bringing the prayers of the saints to the altar of heaven. The saints are actively participating in our ultimate salvation--but they themselves do not save us. Just as Mary, who is the "mediatrix" of all God's grace to us, doesn't originate those graces. She works "behind the scenes" as it were, calling out to us, "Listen to my Son, do whatever He says!" It has been said (and I might have said it here already) that Mary holds the ladder to heaven. I once objected to this, saying that Jesus holds the ladder! He's the only way. But as John 1:51 tells us by alluding to the story of Jacob in the OT, Jesus Himself is the ladder. Mary holds the ladder steady as it was her willing obedience to God that brought Jesus into the world, and her willing obedience to His mission to die that fulfilled and undid Eve's original disobedience.

But, just as St. Augustine pointed out that all of the merit that we have to offer for our salvation comes directly and originally from Christ, and that without Christ, our highest merit is filthy rags, so too with Mary and the saints. Their power to intercede for us comes only from Christ.

I saw a beautiful illustration of this at the Easter Vigil Mass, Easter Saturday. The mass begins with the church in darkness. Then at the back the Easter fire is lit and from that flame the Easter Candle, representing Christ, the Light of the World, is lit. All of us hold unlit candles, and from the Easter candle, one by one candles get lit, and then in turn they light other candles, until finally every candle is lit and the entire church is lit up by the light of everyone's individual candle, coming together in unity as one great light on the earth!

Even though my candle was lit by the person behind me, my flame came from the Easter Candle, because that is where the flame started! If the Easter Candle had never been lit, then we would have spent the night in darkness.

Without Christ, we would never receive grace. But Christ has chosen to bestow His Graces to us in a variety of ways, and by involving us in the process. It's never an automatic thing--we have to accept His grace. In the same way, He gives us the opportunity to give His Grace to others. That's the beauty of Christianity! We get to participate in something that is impossible for us to do! He gives us the ability, and then tells us to use it, like a father holding his baby's hands so that his feet barely touch the ground, and then helping him "walk".

Without Jesus, we are and can do nothing. But in His Mercy and Love, He elevates us and gives us the joyous opportunity to participate in bestowing His Grace to others! In no person is this more evident than in the Saints, and especially Mary, our Mother.

1:17 p.m., April 05, 2005  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Greg,

Nestorianism didn't deny that Jesus was God; it also didn't deny that he was man. To clarify, Nestorius simply denied the title "theotokos" (Mother of God) to Mary, and preferred to cite Mary as "Christotokos" (Mother of Christ). The distinction does nothing to deny His divinity, or His manhood; it only denies Mary the proper title of "Mother of God," which we all know she was. I believe somewhere in history, shortly after the Nestorian controversy, both titles were applicable as long as they weren't used in opposition to each other, or didn't function on a mutually exclusive basis. Mary was both mother of God, and mother of the man Christ.

More, the particular heresy you did describe -- where Jesus received His divinity post-baptism -- was part of the Gnostic assumptions refuted by St. Ignatius, and St. Irenaeus. Paul of Samosata also used the same notion to formulate his doctrine of Adoptionism, and Patripassianism. Both were condemned in 268 by a council of six Bishops.

Hope that helps to clear some things up.

Cheers!
Christopher J. Freeman

4:28 p.m., April 21, 2005  
Blogger Gregory said...

Yeah, that helps a lot. Some of the stuff I read seems to indicate that Nestorius thought that it was improper to refer to Mary as Mother of God (theotokos) because Jesus wasn't God in the womb or something. But now that I've looked at it again, the defense for Theotokos was that Jesus was God in the womb--but it didn't necessarily mean that Nestorius denied that fact. Thanks for helping clear that up.

I'll need to pass that info along to my own sources ;)

Glenn Boyes' theology class just came flooding back...

God bless, and good to see you around, Chris!
We don't talk nearly enough!

4:54 p.m., April 21, 2005  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Ah, Glenn Boyes... Good man! Too bad he's theologically off-kilter. Nevertheless, a good man.

To answer your question you asked in your email to me about Cardinal Ratzinger-cum-Pope Benedict XVI, as an orthodox, conservative Lutheran, I would have to say, "Praise God! He and Pope Jean-Paul II before him were godly men, I have nothing but immense respect for. Thank God the Church did not elect a liberal."

Christopher J. Freeman

1:11 p.m., April 22, 2005  
Blogger Gregory said...

Re: Pope Benedict
Yeah, I know what you mean! I also praise God that they elected him as well! You may have noted my concerns in my post above about Pope John Paul 2!

Re: Glenn Boyes
I never really could figure out for certain where he stood on anything. I only took the intro course, and so wasn't in the overly great position of determining that. You remember ;) --not that I was inept, just a little wild-eyed.

Of course, anyone who takes the "angel" day off of the intro to theology course because he finds them unimportant, and has someone else play a tape recording about them, should maybe have given me a hint. lol!

Oh well. Live and learn, and I've learned a lot!

2:43 p.m., April 22, 2005  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Gregory,

What can you explain to me about the Catholic Catechism regarding Mary as the Mediatrix? I know from reading The Catholic Catechism by, John A. Hardon, S.J., that Mary is united with Christ in a unique relationship such that she birthed Him, endured maternal suffering for Him, and believed Him the Messiah, thus according her merit. I know that that merit is given her by Christ, just as any creature derives merit from its Creator. What I don't quite know how to wrap my head around is this:

1. "Mary has become part of this plan by contributing her share to the justification of the human race, beginning with herself and extending to everyone ever justified" (The Catholic Catechism, John A. Hardon, S.J., p. 169). How does Mary, aside from giving birth to Christ, suffering maternal pangs, and loving Him as He died, contribute at all to our justification? St. Paul directly refutes any notion of anyone else contributing to our justification when he declares that it is through faith alone we are justified (cf. Rom. 3:24, 28; 5:1, 9; Gal. 2:16; 3:11). It seems to me that any marian view has to exclude her as having anything to do with helping justify the human race.

2. "Mary was more instrumental than any other creature in thus 'co-merting' with Christ, and subordinate to him as only a creature can be subordinate to its Maker" (Ibid.). How does she co-merit with Christ? And if she does, what does this do for the Roman Catholic stance on the Monergism of Grace; that is, how can the integrity of the sole working of God for our salvation be maintained if someone other than Christ alone is responsible for imputing merit to those who believe?

I think that's all I have to ask about that subject. Other than that, I'm a big fan of Mary, to put it crassly. I certainly think she has a unique place in history, and in heaven. But so far, I don't see her as being in any way more than the Mother of God; a special, exalted privilege, to be sure, but not one that puts her in the position of being a co-meritor with Christ.

I'll stop now, and let you answer my questions. Thank you for taking the time, and I look forward to reading your response; I trust it will be clear, and well-thought out, as they usually are.

God bless you,
Christopher J. Freeman

3:16 p.m., April 22, 2005  
Blogger Gregory said...

Hey Wow! A Debate! On my blog! That would be fun, if I wasn't up against your superior intellect! LOL

Hmm, where to begin...

1. First thing to note would be that Catholicism has always denied Justification by Faith alone. Justification is always by Grace Alone, from God's end, but by the faith and works lived as a response to the Grace of God, as St. James tells us.
In Romans 3:24-28, the Works of the Law are those works of the Mosaic Law that were thought to give justification in and of themselves. The point of the book of Romans (and Galatians) is to demonstrate that works of the Law, in and of themselves, cannot justify, but rather, the Law demonstrates our inability to be justified by "following the rules". Only God's Grace can give us even the ability to do works befitting of any merit. But Romans 3:24ff doesn't state faith alone. It does, however, deny works alone. As St. Paul himself says in verse 31, "Are we then annulling the law by faith? Of course not! On the contrary, we are supporting the law."
Romans 5:1-9 again asserts that our justification comes by Grace through faith, but not faith alone necessarily.
Galatians 2:16 again, I would say, is referring to a "works alone" theology, as with Galatians 3:11. Paul is writing against the Judaizers, who, it seems, wanted to deny the efficacy of Christ's atonement somehow. Almost a Pre-Pelagianism. I read a good paper by a Reformed theologian on that passage in Galatians. It's here: http://www.societaschristiana.com/Theology/RCJudaizers.html

Another thing to point out is that "co" as applied to Mary doesn't refer to an equal standing in the justification process, but to a subordinate standing, similar to the sense of "Co-pilot" as opposed to something like "co-producer".

The Catechism of the Catholic Church (as opposed to Hardon's Catechism -- though he's a good guy!) talks about Mary's mediation in paragraphs 967-970.

"By her complete adherence to the Father's will, to His Son's redemptive work, and to every prompting of the Holy Spirit, the Virgin Mary is the Church's model of faith and charity. Thus she is a 'preeminent and...wholly unique member of the Church'; indeed, she is the 'exemplary realization' (typus) [Lumen Gentium 53;63.] of the Church.
"Her role in relation to the Church and to all humanity goes still further. 'In a wholly singular way she cooperated by her obedience, faith, hope, and burning charity in the Savior's work of restoring supernatural life to souls. For this reason she is a mother to us in the order of grace.' [LG 61.]
"'This motherhood of Mary in the order of grace continues uninterruptedly from the consent which she loyally gave at the Annunciation and which she sustained without wavering beneath the cross, until the eternal fulfilment of the elect. Taken up to heaven she did not lay aside this saving office but by her manifold intercession continues to bring us the gifts of eternal salvation...Therefore the Blessed Virgin is invoked in the Church under the titles of Advocate, Helper, Benefactress, and Mediatrix.' [LG 62.]
"'Mary's function as mother of men in no way obscures or diminishes this unique mediation of Christ, but rather shows its power. But the Blessed Virgin's salutary influence on men...flows forth from the superabundance of the merits of Christ, rests on His mediation, depends entirely on it, and draws all its power from it.' [LG 60.] 'No creature could ever be counted along with the Incarnate Word and Redeemer; but just as the priesthood of Christ is shared in various ways both by His ministers and the faithful, and as the one goodness of God is radiated in different ways among His creatures, so also the unique mediation of the Redeemer does not exclude but rather gives rise to a manifold cooperation which is but a sharing in this one source.' [LG 62.]"

(I hope that helps, because it sure took a long time to type! LOL)

It also might help to know that in Catholic Soteriology, Justification and Sanctification are synonymous. Rather than a foreign, imputed righteousness, our justification is an actual, infused righteousness, that continues to develop until such a time when we attain the Beatific Vision as Saints of God. In the meantime, the prayers of the Saints aid us in growing in sanctification as we continue to strive after that prize. Their merits, flowing solely from that superabundance of Christ's merits described above, aid us on our way. Mary, whom God preserved from actual sin through her immaculate conception, solely based on Jesus' merits (though, speaking phenominologically, in a pre-emptive way) is most able to intercede on our behalf. She is also, as described in the original post that these comments spring from, the "New Eve", the Mother of all the Living.

That's all for now. I'll get to #2 later this evening. I'm going home :)

God bless!

5:14 p.m., April 22, 2005  
Blogger Gregory said...

I was going to go on to Part 2, but it seems I mostly covered that in Part 1.

I guess in the most tangible sense, Mary was more instrumental than any other creature in the sense that it was through her obedience that she brought Jesus into the world in the first place, as well as living her life in total obedience, right up to and beyond, willingly offering her part in the Sacrifice of Christ. The Catholic Church teaches that her suffering in this regard was somehow efficacious. As St. Irenaeus says, "Thus, the knot of Eve's disobedience was loosed by the obedience of Mary. What the virgin Eve had bound in unbelief, the Virgin Mary loosed through faith."

As for the Monergistic economy of Grace, all grace comes first and ultimately from God, through Jesus' atoning work on the Cross. However, God delights in involving us in the process. When I was talking to Jake above, I compared it to the Liturgy of Light at the Easter Vigil, where the Easter Candle lights all the other candles, but that doesn't preclude the reality that my candle was lit in an immediate sense by the candle of the person sitting behind me. Ultimately the flame came from the Easter Candle, representing Christ. But He involves us in the bestowal of His grace, both into our own lives, and also into the lives of others.

The Catechism says in paragraph 2011:
The charity of Christ is the source in us of all our merits before God. Grace, by uniting us to Christ in active love, ensures the supernatural quality of our acts and consequently their merit before God and before men. The saints have always had a lively awareness that their merits were pure grace.
>After earth's exile, I hope to go and enjoy You in the fatherland, but I do not want to lay up merits for heaven. I want to work for Your love alone....In the evening of this life, I shall appear before You with empty hands, for I do not ask You, Lord, to count my works. All our justice is blemished in Your eyes. I wish, then, to be clothed in Your own justice and to receive from Your love the eternal possession of Yourself. [St. Thérèse of Lisieux, "Act of Offering" in Story of a Soul, tr. John Clarke (Washington DC: ICS, 1981), 277.]

In no person is this more true than in Mary, whom Gabriel addressed--as if it were her own name--as "Full of Grace." God's life of Grace had so completely been given to Mary that she was literally full to overflowing.

But the idea that Mary imputes merit to us is, I think, mistaken. I'm not sure if that's what Fr. John Hardon had in mind when he used the term "co-merit". However, to tie Mary into St. Paul's analogy of the Body, Jesus is the head, and Mary is the neck, according to various Church Fathers. As I wrote in the original Mary post, her role in the Church is solely to bring us to Jesus, and everything she is has its source in Jesus, and everything she does has its end in Jesus--as illustrated in the story of the Wedding at Cana, where she tells the servants to "Do whatever He tells you."

I hope that answers your questions, Chris. If not, I'd love to pursue the dialogue.

God bless!

7:35 p.m., April 22, 2005  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Greg,

Very poignant reflection. Thank you for taking that much time to consider my questions, and respond. You've given me quite a lot to think about, and I will certainly do that.

As for "superior intellect", we've always known that that descriptive being applied to me is a chimera. You are my Bollerophon!

Cheers!
Christopher J. Freeman

10:16 a.m., April 25, 2005  
Blogger Gregory said...

LoL, thanks Chris :D
I was kidding about the "superior intellect" thing. It was a backhanded reference to some of the debates I've had with some people recently that don't interact at all with evidences offered. The debates go nowhere, because it's like you're talking about two different things.

At least with you, you're civil enough to listen, and smart enough to think things through.

In so doing, you stretch my own understanding of things, unlike others that I've talked to.

Sometimes it's like listening to rap music. It can make you dumber ;)

(Sorry to any rap fans out there)

2:06 p.m., April 25, 2005  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Greg,

Perhaps you could comment a little on the difference between infused, and imparted righteousness. That would help me to know a little more about your rejection of the former in favour of the latter.

Thank you,
Christopher J. Freeman

3:36 p.m., May 09, 2005  
Blogger Gregory said...

I'd start by directing you a few posts down, to the one titled "Reflections on Snow."

After that, maybe check out http://www.catholic.com/library/Grace_What_It_Is.asp especially the section titled "Really Cleansed".

I'd also suggest http://socrates58.blogspot.com/2004_05_09_socrates58_archive.html#108433728213602253

Basically, the problem isn't with "impartation" or "imputation" versus "infusion". Both happen in our salvation, but in the Protestant view, "infusion" isn't included, but our righteousness remains an extrinsic quality. The Catholic belief says that not only is righteousness imparted to us through God's declaration of forgiveness, but that Christ's righteousness is actually poured into us, making us literally righteousness.

This is also why Catholics view justification as synonymous with sanctification, as an ongoing process, not a one-time event. I hope that helps a bit.

4:14 p.m., May 10, 2005  
Blogger Gregory said...

Yay! I made links work!

4:16 p.m., May 10, 2005  
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